Thread for weaving



Patented Aug. 23, I898.

inventor.

Xvw @Jbtomw a E MORRIS THREAD FOR WEAVING.

(Application filgd Nov. 6, 1897.)

(No Model.)

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FFICEt EDMUND MORRIS, OF MICHIGAN CITY, INDIANA.

THREAD FOR WEAVING.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 609,451, dated August 23, 1898. Application filed November 6,1897. Serial No. 657,679- (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDMUND MORRIS, a citizen of the United States, residing at Michigan City, in the county of La Porto and State of Indiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Threads for Weaving,

of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to provide a suitable substitute for the split cane usually employed in weaving fabrics employed principally in the manufacture of the seats and backs of chairs, settees, be.

I11 carrying out my invention I provide a thread which in its preferred form is composed of a filament of superior strength, such as steel wire, covered with hardened fibrous materials, such as paper and textile fabric, which are hardened, compressed, glazed, and given a form resembling ordinary cane. Bythe term glaze I mean a hard smooth coating or polish of any kind.

I have experimented with various materials and have treated them in various ways, obtaining fairly good results in many instances but I have obtained the best results with a composite thread consisting of a metallic wire covered with strips of paper and textile fabric, the fabric being hardened by a sizing of glue or the like, and the strips of paper between which the fabric is interposed be ing cemented to the fabric and afterward treated with a coating to give them an artificial glaze or polish, such coating being preferably a solution of silicate of soda, upon which may be superposed a coating of varnish. Threads made in this way possess all the characteristics of natural cane and .constitute a satisfactory substitute therefor in all respects. They possess the advantage over cane of being cheaper, and they may be manufactured in indefinite lengths, and therefore can be more readily woven, as no splicing is required.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a perspective View, on avery much enlarged scale, showing in cross-section the different parts of the composite thread; and showing also these difierent parts separated from each other. Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a gang of threads before they'are severed into the usual width for use. Fig. 3 is a perspeotive view, on a very much enlarged scale, of the composite thread, showing also the glazed coating and coating of varnish which is applied to the exterior of the thread.

a indicates a top layer of strong paper, under which is a layer 17 of muslin or other textile fabric, preferably hardened or filled out by a sizing of glue or other equivalent substance. Under the muslin is a small wire 0, which extends along the middle of the thread and is used for the purpose of imparting strength to the thread and to prevent it from being broke'fi'or stretched by longitudinal pulling strains. This wire is preferably hard-drawn, so as to be elastic, but not hardened or tempered, as such a wire would be difficult to out when the woven fabric is divided up into pieces. Under the wire is a second strip 01 of paper, which is preferably somewhat thinner or more flexible than the top paper. The latter is tough, so as to resist breaking when the thread is bent, as it is at the edges of a seat when inserted into a chair-frame. If a weak paper were used, there would be danger of its parting when thus bent.

I preferably use a strong jute or Manila paper, because of its strength and because its color nearly resembles that of natural cane. The muslin is used to impart toughness to the thread and to prevent the top paper, which is glued to it, from being torn or pulled out of place when the strand is bent. This muslin also serves as a vehicle for the glue with which it is filled and whereby hardness is imparted to the whole fabric. The lower paper 61 is made thinner than the upper strip in order to prevent the cane from being too stiff, as itwould be if the lower layer were as thick as the upper, which latter must be thick enough to hide the woven fabric beneath it.

The paper strips are glued to the fabric I), while the wire 0 is completely covered or inclosed between the fabric and the lower layer of paper.

e indicates the glue between the lower layer of paper and the fabric.

f indicates the glue or cement between the top layer of paper and the fabric.

g indicates a coating of silicate-0f soda or the like, which hardens the material and gives to it a surface resembling that of ordinary cane.

7t indicates a coating of varnish on the upper side of the thread.

In cross-section the thread is semi-oval,like that of ordinary cane. On its under side it is formed with a central rib 2' under the wire. This rib of paper under the wire prevents the wire from appearing on the under surface of the thread. In the process of manufacture it is found important to produce such a rib, as otherwise the great pressure to which the ma terial is subjected would cause the Wire to out through the lower layer of paper. This paper rib also serves to completely protect the wire on its under side. The longitudinal edges of the thread are closed and smooth-i. 6., the paper is turned over the longitudinal edges, so as not to expose the wire, &c., forming the interior of the thread.

While I do not confine myself to the specific materials mentioned, I find these to be most suitable. Good results might be obtained by substituting a strong filament or wire of other material than hardened metallic wire. Other materials than jute or Manila paper or muslin might be used and other kinds of cements or glues or glazing or polishing material might be employed; but I find it essential that there should be a relatively strong wire or filament covered with fibrous material hardened by some such material as glue and coated with some material to impart a glaze or polish. It is desirable that the different parts of the composite thread should be assembled and united by great pressure and that a form should be given to the material resembling that of natural cane.

In my composite thread the varnish employed serves more than the usual purpose. It is well known that silicate of soda is easily decomposed by such substances as carbonic acid. The quantity of this gas commonly present in the atmosphere is enough to cause a partial decomposition of this material in the course of a few months, the resulting carbonate of soda then acting to whiten or bleach the material and give it an unnatural appearance. The coating of hard varnish over the soda silicate prevents this attack from the atmosphere. The varnish may be applied either to the individual threads or to the fabric after it is woven. If the color of the paper used is not suitable, it may be changed in color by the use of some such material as caramel or burnt sugar properly diluted in water, through a bath of which the paper may be led.

I have mentioned the use of only two strips of paper,but if necessary to give body to the material one or more additional strips may be employed.

In my application for patent filed November 6,1897, Serial No. 657, 680, I have described a process and apparatus for the manufacture of the material herein claimed, and reference to this application is made for a more detailed description of the best way now known to me of producing the article herein claimed. Preferably a gang of threads is formed, as shown in Fig. 2, and these are cut up into individual threads by properly-constructed cutters.

I claim as my invention 1. A thread for Weaving composed of a filament of good tensile strength, covered with fibrous material, sized, hardened, compressed and glazed.

2. A thread for weaving composed of a filament of good tensile strength, covered with strips of fibrous material, sized, cemented together, compressed into form, and having a glazed coating.

3. A thread for weaving, flat on one side and curved on the other, and composed of a filament of good tensile strength, covered with fibrous material treated with a sizing, and which is compressed and glazed.

4. A thread for weaving, fiat and ribbed 011 one side and curved on the other, and composed of a filament of good tensile strength covered with fibrous material treated with a sizing and compressed into form and glazed.

5. A thread for weaving composed of a filament of good tensile strength, such as wire, covered with hardened fibrous material treated externally with a glaze.

6. A thread for weaving composed of paper, textile fabric and a strengthening filament united together by glue or cement and pressure and having closed, smooth longitudinal edges.

7. A thread for weaving,composed of a filament of good tensile strength, a layer of paper above it, a layer of paper below it, and an interposed layer of textile fabric, sized, cemented and united together, substantially as de scribed.

8. A thread for weaving, composed of a filament of good tensile strength, such as wire, a layer of paper above it, and layer of paper below it, an interposed layer of textile material such as miislin, and glue and cement to give hardness to the thread and unite the layers.

9. A thread for weaving composed of a filament of good tensile strength, such as wire, a layer of paper above it, coated with silicate of. soda, a layer of relatively thin paper below it, and an interposed layer of sized muslin cemented to the two layers of paper.

10. A thread for weaving composed of wire of good tensile strength, but sufficiently soft to be readily cut, strips of paper above and below the wire, sized fabric between the paper strips, a coating of silicate of soda on the paper, and a varnish over the silicate of soda.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name.

EDMUND MORRIS.

Witnesses:

HENRY B. MORRIS, HENRY V. Hrrorrooox. 

